The events of the Cold War and the reason for the name

The Cold War was a period of political conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies, the Western Community and Eastern Community, that began in 1947 and lasted until 1991.

The term Cold War is used because there was no major conflict between the two countries, but both sides supported both sides in a major regional conflict known as the War.

The conflict was based on an ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence with the superpowers; Allied roles in the Second World War were expressed directly, such as the struggle for dominance, psychological warfare, after the victory over Germany's nuclear weapons led to conventional conscription. , propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching sanctions, diplomacy, and technological competitions such as the space race. The Cold War began with the declaration of the Truman Doctrine in 1947, began to decline after the separation of the Soviet Union and the Republic of China in 1961, and ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

The Western world was led by the United States as well as a number of First World countries that were generally capitalist and liberal democracies but belonged to a network of independent Third World states, many of which were European colonies. [3] [B] The Eastern Community was led by the Soviet Union and the Communist Party, World War II. It participated in World War II and belonged to a network of independent nations. The Soviet Union had a controlled economy and established communist regimes in space countries in
. America's role in regime change during the Cold War included support for anti-communist and right-wing dictatorships, governments, and insurgencies around the world; Soviet involvement in regime change included support for left-wing parties, wars of independence and revolutions. and tyranny in the world. Since almost all colonial countries were colonized and became independent in the period from 1945 to 1960, many countries entered the Third World War during the Cold War.


Origin of the word

At the end of the Second World War, British writer George Orwell used the word cold war as a general term in his article "You and the Atomic Bomb" published in the British Tribune newspaper on October 19, 1945. As Orwell considered a world living in the shadow of the threat of nuclear war, he looked at what James Burnham said about a world under threat and wrote:

Looking at the world as a whole, the decades-long march not only led to power but also demonstrated the transformation of slavery. James Burnham's theory has been much discussed, but few have looked at the impact of the theory, that is, the type of world, faith and social life that could also prevail in the state. undefeated and in a constant 'cold war' with its neighbours. [4]

In the Observer of 10 March 1946, Orwell wrote: “Following the meeting in Moscow last December, Russia began to wage a 'cold war' against Britain and the British Empire. "[5]

The first use of the term to describe the postwar geopolitical rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States came in an April 16, 1947 speech by Bernard Baruch,[6] a senior advisor to Democratic presidents. journalist Herbert Bayard Swope [7] said: “Make no mistake: we are in the Cold War today.” When Lippmann was asked about the origin of the word in 1947, he came up with a French word from the 1930s: la guerre froide. [C]


put pressure on the Soviet Union, which was then in stagnation. In the sixth phase of the Cold War, the new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the liberal reforms of glasnost ("opening", c. 1985) and perestroika ("reorganization", c. 1
) and ended Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in 1989. National sovereignty increased in Eastern Europe, and Gorbachev refused to continue supporting the communist government militarily.

The fall of the Iron Curtain following the Pan-European Picnic and Revolution of 1989 represented a wave of peaceful revolution, with the exception of the Romanian Revolution and the Afghan War (1989-1992), in which almost no Marxists - Eastern Leninists - participated. regimes existed. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union itself lost control of the country and was banned after the attempted coup in 1991. This led to the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 and the collapse of the communist government in 1991. Africa and Asia. The Russian Federation, like many other republics, was the successor state of the Soviet Union